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Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins

Received: 19 July 2020     Accepted: 3 August 2020     Published: 11 December 2020
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Abstract

Genes are the sources of information used for creating amino acids which are then assembled to form protein structures (molecules). Together, the various protein structures function in different catalytic and structural activities that are responsible for establishing phenotypes we see. Although both gene and proteins are equally involved in the biological functions that determine th phenotypes, considerable amount of time has been portioned, by geneticists and breeders alike, for dissection of gene architecture and its characteristics comparative to proteins. Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules in living systems and serve crucial functions in essentially all biological processes. They function as catalysts, they transport and store other molecules such as oxygen, they provide mechanical support and immune protection, they generate movement, they transmit nerve impulses, and they control growth and differentiation. Indeed, much of this text will focus on understanding what proteins do and how they perform these functions. Understanding protein structure and its functions is instrumental for advancing molecular sciences. This review attempts to shed some light on structure of proteins, relationship between amino acid sequence and DNA base sequence, hierarchical nature of protein structure as well as the relationship between protein structure and its functions. The information synthesized could provide an insight into the complex nature of proteins and its importance in the perception of biological sciences.

Published in American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11
Page(s) 18-30
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Protein Structure, Amino Acid, Polypeptide, Gene

References
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  • APA Style

    Luka Atwok Opio Awata, Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo, Nathan Aliel Kachiguma, Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba, Isaac Kumaga Asante. (2020). Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins. American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 4(2), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11

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    ACS Style

    Luka Atwok Opio Awata; Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo; Nathan Aliel Kachiguma; Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba; Isaac Kumaga Asante. Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins. Am. J. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2020, 4(2), 18-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11

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    AMA Style

    Luka Atwok Opio Awata, Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo, Nathan Aliel Kachiguma, Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba, Isaac Kumaga Asante. Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins. Am J Chem Biochem Eng. 2020;4(2):18-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11,
      author = {Luka Atwok Opio Awata and Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo and Nathan Aliel Kachiguma and Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba and Isaac Kumaga Asante},
      title = {Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins},
      journal = {American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2},
      pages = {18-30},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcbe.20200402.11},
      abstract = {Genes are the sources of information used for creating amino acids which are then assembled to form protein structures (molecules). Together, the various protein structures function in different catalytic and structural activities that are responsible for establishing phenotypes we see. Although both gene and proteins are equally involved in the biological functions that determine th phenotypes, considerable amount of time has been portioned, by geneticists and breeders alike, for dissection of gene architecture and its characteristics comparative to proteins. Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules in living systems and serve crucial functions in essentially all biological processes. They function as catalysts, they transport and store other molecules such as oxygen, they provide mechanical support and immune protection, they generate movement, they transmit nerve impulses, and they control growth and differentiation. Indeed, much of this text will focus on understanding what proteins do and how they perform these functions. Understanding protein structure and its functions is instrumental for advancing molecular sciences. This review attempts to shed some light on structure of proteins, relationship between amino acid sequence and DNA base sequence, hierarchical nature of protein structure as well as the relationship between protein structure and its functions. The information synthesized could provide an insight into the complex nature of proteins and its importance in the perception of biological sciences.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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    T1  - Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins
    AU  - Luka Atwok Opio Awata
    AU  - Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo
    AU  - Nathan Aliel Kachiguma
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11
    T2  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2639-9989
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11
    AB  - Genes are the sources of information used for creating amino acids which are then assembled to form protein structures (molecules). Together, the various protein structures function in different catalytic and structural activities that are responsible for establishing phenotypes we see. Although both gene and proteins are equally involved in the biological functions that determine th phenotypes, considerable amount of time has been portioned, by geneticists and breeders alike, for dissection of gene architecture and its characteristics comparative to proteins. Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules in living systems and serve crucial functions in essentially all biological processes. They function as catalysts, they transport and store other molecules such as oxygen, they provide mechanical support and immune protection, they generate movement, they transmit nerve impulses, and they control growth and differentiation. Indeed, much of this text will focus on understanding what proteins do and how they perform these functions. Understanding protein structure and its functions is instrumental for advancing molecular sciences. This review attempts to shed some light on structure of proteins, relationship between amino acid sequence and DNA base sequence, hierarchical nature of protein structure as well as the relationship between protein structure and its functions. The information synthesized could provide an insight into the complex nature of proteins and its importance in the perception of biological sciences.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Directorate of Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Juba, South Sudan

  • Environmental Institute of Agricultural Research (INERA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  • Department of Agricultural Research Services (DARS), Lunyangwa Agriculture Research Station, Mzuzu, Malawi

  • Department of Root and Tuber Crops, Togolese Agricultural Research Institute (ITRA), Lomé, Togo

  • West Africa Center for Crop Improvement (WACCI), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana

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